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Nuremberg and Vietnam: Who Is Guilty? - PT10
DO NOT USE: Photo of Victor H. Krulak.
Nuremberg and Vietnam: Who Is Guilty? - PT10
First question: "What were the rules for treatment of civilians in Vietnam as you understand them?" Krulak's response: he states that there were no exact numbers as to how many S. Vietnamese had been resettled, willingly or unwillingly. He goes on to say that many left their homes for fear of Vietcong, many have left to get out of a battle zone, the relocation was not a mass uprooting, removal or occupation like in WII.
Nuremberg and Vietnam: Who Is Guilty? - PT10
Next question in reference command directives "What efforts were made, were you satisfied that they were actually carried out?" Krulak's response: "The efforts were extensive & not I'm not at all satisfied that they were always carried out, to the contrary I'm quite sure that they were not..." but "...There was a conscious effort to teach the individual of the importance of a fair relationship with the Vietnamese". Regarding the rules of conduct "...they were strongly adhered to by the great mass."
Nuremberg and Vietnam: Who Is Guilty? - PT10
Next question: "...as a former military commander, what the military justification was for "free fire zones"? Krulak's response: He states that free fire zones were in concurrence with the providence chief, areas were made aware ahead of time & in many cases the area was of low & scattered population, it was not a surprise to the occupants.
Nuremberg and Vietnam: Who Is Guilty? - PT11
PBS PRESENTS A SPECIAL REPORT: NUREMBERG AND VIETNAM. WHO IS GUILTY? - PT11 A mock trial comparing the standard for "laws of war" set by the outcome of the Nuremberg Trials to US military actions in Vietnam. Was the United States in violation of international laws of war? This section features Marine Private Michael A. Schwarz speaking as a Vietnam veteran, detailing his experience & expressing his opinions on US operations during the war (At the time of filming Michael was on appeal for a murder conviction related to civilian massacre at Son Thang.)
Nuremberg and Vietnam: Who Is Guilty? - PT11
Robert MacNeil in studio introducing Marine Private Michael Schwarz.
Nuremberg and Vietnam: Who Is Guilty? - PT11
DO NOT USE: Photo of Marine Private Michael Schwarz.
Nuremberg and Vietnam: Who Is Guilty? - PT11
First question: "Can you tell us what you were told in your training on how you should treat civilians?" Schwarz's response: "We were told that, treat them with respect". He goes on to say that training included films, lectures, classes. Next Question: "When you got to Vietnam,...did you understand that it was your duty to protect the lives of civilians?" Schwarz's response: "Yes we did, we understood that we would go in, do as best we could for the people and if they had to be moved, move them. Other than that there was no order." MacNeil asks: "On that day,...what orders had you received that day?" Schwarz's response: "We received none that day, it was just standard SOP orders." He goes on to talk about "killer teams" & "free fire zones", they thought that there were no civilians, that they had been moved out. MacNeil asks: "So those people you saw, as far as you were concerned, were not civilians?" Schwarz's response: he thought that they were VC sympathizers, meaning the enemy.
Nuremberg and Vietnam: Who Is Guilty? - PT12
PBS PRESENTS A SPECIAL REPORT: NUREMBERG AND VIETNAM. WHO IS GUILTY? - PT12 A mock trial comparing the standard for "laws of war" set by the outcome of the Nuremberg Trials to US military actions in Vietnam. Was the United States in violation of international laws of war? This section features Sir Robert Thompson (British military advisor, guerilla warfare expert).
Nuremberg and Vietnam: Who Is Guilty? - PT12
Robert MacNeil in studio introducing panelist Sir Robert Thompson. MacNeil asks: "Is it possible to protect civilians in accordance of the laws of war?" Thompson's response: "Yes I think that it is possible to protect civilians in accordance to the laws of war, but that doesn t mean that civilians are not going to be killed." He goes on to state & give reason as to why the N. Vietnamese are in violation of the laws of war & the Geneva Convention.
Nuremberg and Vietnam: Who Is Guilty? - PT12
MacNeil asks: "...granted that the Vietcong & the N. Vietnams may have violated the laws of war, what about some American tactics, like Free Fire Zones, perhaps violated the laws of war?" Thompson's response: he doesn t agree that the US was in violation, he goes on to make reference to his experience in Malaya, during wars of this nature restricted areas are defined, no civilians are allowed within these areas & if they were they were there at their own risk. MacNeil asks: "Is it your opinion Sir Robert that the American tactics took sufficient pains to ensure that there were not innocent civilians in the Free Fire Zone? as compared to you tactic in Malaya." Thompson's response: "I think every effort was made..." Interview ends abruptly.
Apollo VIII -- Go for TLI
DO NOT SELL: Still photo of lunar surface.
Apollo VIII -- Go for TLI
Reading of Christmas of prayer over images of planet earth as viewed from space. FO/FI NASA seal.
Dancing
Dancing - Library of Congress Field Documentation MS two young women dancing in rural road, they dance as a couple, both facing camera, one standing behind the other as they side-step back & fourth. Great MS man demonstrating his flatfoot style of tap dancing, locals stand by clapping. MCUs man's legs and feet as he taps.
Man Playing Guitar
Man Playing Guitar - Library of Congress Field Documentation Great MS/MCUs of young African American man seated in front of brick wall, playing guitar & singing, a harmonica/blues harp hangs around his neck. Man demonstrates unique finger slapping & strumming of the fretboard.
Library of Congress Archives
DO NOT USE: Still photo of Library of Congress Archives
Library of Congress Archives
Library of Congress Archives TLS looking down row of library shelves/racks filled with archival materials.
Folk Music Historian Interview
Folk Music Historian Interview CU folk historian Alan Jabbour as he asks man off screen about the origins of his playing & studying of folk music.
Folk Music Historian Interview
Folk Music Historian Interview CU young man holding a banjo as folk historian Alan Jabbour talks off screen about the origins of his playing & studying of folk music.
Sheet Music - "Way Down East"
Sheet Music - "Way Down East" by Lottie Blair Parker CU title page reading "A Magnificent Elaboration of - Way Down East - by Lottie Blair Parker". CUs sheet music showing lyrics & notes.
Sheet Music - "Porgy and Bess"
CU title page reading "Porgy and Bess - Introduction- Opera in Three Acts", zoom to CU of "Composed by George Gershwin".
Script for Aaron Copland
Script for Aaron Copland CU typed piece of paper reading "Script for Aaron Copland - From Martha Graham".
Library of Congress Interior
Library of Congress Interior Elevated GV the Great Hall inside the Library of Congress. MS Minerva mosaic, pan out to GV of the Great Hall.
Great Hall - Library of Congress Interior
Great Hall - Library of Congress Interior